剧情简介：The Qing dynasty office purchase system (juanna), which allowed individuals to pay for appointments in the government, was regarded in traditional Chinese historiography as an inherently corrupt and anti-meritocratic practice. It enabled participants to become civil and military officials while avoiding the competitive government-run examination systems. Lawrence Zhang's ground...(展开全部)
作者：Lawrence Zhang
出版社：Harvard University Asia Center
ISBN：9780674278295
