在1563年特伦托会议（Council of Trent）的最后一次会议上，梵蒂冈神学家们坚决支持使用神圣图像和圣像，以对抗宗教改革对偶像崇拜的指控，这导致欧洲对美术的投资激增，包括首次囊括了女性艺术家。索福尼斯巴·安圭索拉（Sofonisba Anguissola）是第一位职业女性宫廷画家，她创作了大量描绘欧洲最杰出的贵族和政要的作品。但在她的整个职业生涯中，她一次又一次地回到最让她着迷的主题：她自己。《反宗教改革》是一部非传统的论文式纪录片，它厘清了政治、宗教、历史和自画像的线索，引导电影人审视她个人的当代电影实践。《反宗教改革》是对信仰和动态影像的一次深刻的个人化中介，试图将实验电影置于神学和宗教领域；这是一次尚未得到充分探索但亟待取得成果的和解。

在1563年特伦托会议（Council of Trent）的最后一次会议上，梵蒂冈神学家们坚决支持使用神圣图像和圣像，以对抗宗教改革对偶像崇拜的指控，这导致欧洲对美术的投资激增，包括首次囊括了女性艺术家。索福尼斯巴·安圭索拉（Sofonisba Anguissola）是第一位职业女性宫廷画家，她创作了大量描绘欧洲最杰出的贵族和政要的作品。但在她的整个职业生涯中，她一次又一次地回到最让她着迷的主题：她自己。《反宗教改革》是一部非传统的论文式纪录片，它厘清了政治、宗教、历史和自画像的线索，引导电影人审视她个人的当代电影实践。《反宗教改革》是对信仰和动态影像的一次深刻的个人化中介，试图将实验电影置于神学和宗教领域；这是一次尚未得到充分探索但亟待取得成果的和解。

To mark the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, Nina Ramirez tells the story of three books that defined this radical religious revolution in England. 　　Tyndale's New Testament, The Book Of Common Prayer and Foxe's Book Of Martyrs are no longer commonly recognised titles. Yet, for over 400 years, these works formed the backbone of British life. Their words shaped the English language, fuelled religious division and sparked wars. 　　In this programme, Nina discovers how the trio of texts had a powerful cumulative effect. Tyndale's Bible made the word of God accessible to the common man for the first time, The Book Of Common Prayer established a protestant liturgy and Foxes Book Of Martyrs enshrined a hatred of Catholicism. Nina reveals how they formed the nation's protestant identity, the impact of which can be seen even today.

To mark the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, Nina Ramirez tells the story of three books that defined this radical religious revolution in England. 　　Tyndale's New Testament, The Book Of Common Prayer and Foxe's Book Of Martyrs are no longer commonly recognised titles. Yet, for over 400 years, these works formed the backbone of British life. Their words shaped the English language, fuelled religious division and sparked wars. 　　In this programme, Nina discovers how the trio of texts had a powerful cumulative effect. Tyndale's Bible made the word of God accessible to the common man for the first time, The Book Of Common Prayer established a protestant liturgy and Foxes Book Of Martyrs enshrined a hatred of Catholicism. Nina reveals how they formed the nation's protestant identity, the impact of which can be seen even today.

优生学，在美国二十世纪上半叶一度是人人追捧的显学。在冷泉实验室，达文波特借助他的优生学理论和调查报告，游说美国财团和政府，用智商测试，对人口进行分层，不合格的人会被强行实施绝育手术。从二十年代起，美国政府对东欧和犹太移民抬高门槛，背后的逻辑也是出自优生学的遗传理论，唯恐北欧正统的移民基因被“污染”，此举在三十年代导致大批欧洲犹太人走投无路，死于纳粹集中营。这套基于种族净化理念的优生学，也被德国纳粹继承，并发扬光大。不过，大萧条造成的全面失业破除了优生神话，好莱坞影片《明日的孩子》、以及强行绝育的黑暗内幕的曝光，加上二战末期纳粹灭绝营的恐怖图景的传播，使得美国的优生学在四十年代后逐渐式微，但各州的强行绝育法律直到六七十年代，才被废止。

优生学，在美国二十世纪上半叶一度是人人追捧的显学。在冷泉实验室，达文波特借助他的优生学理论和调查报告，游说美国财团和政府，用智商测试，对人口进行分层，不合格的人会被强行实施绝育手术。从二十年代起，美国政府对东欧和犹太移民抬高门槛，背后的逻辑也是出自优生学的遗传理论，唯恐北欧正统的移民基因被“污染”，此举在三十年代导致大批欧洲犹太人走投无路，死于纳粹集中营。这套基于种族净化理念的优生学，也被德国纳粹继承，并发扬光大。不过，大萧条造成的全面失业破除了优生神话，好莱坞影片《明日的孩子》、以及强行绝育的黑暗内幕的曝光，加上二战末期纳粹灭绝营的恐怖图景的传播，使得美国的优生学在四十年代后逐渐式微，但各州的强行绝育法律直到六七十年代，才被废止。

One of the world's greatest authorities on the Middle Ages, Professor Robert Bartlett of St Andrew's University, investigates the intellectual landscape of the medieval world. 　　In the first programme, Knowledge, he explores the way medieval man understood the world - as a place of mystery, even enchantment. The world was a book written by God. But as the Middle Ages grew to a close, it became a place to be mastered, even exploited. 　　In Sex, he unearths remarkable evidence of the complex passions of medieval men and women. The Church preached hatred of the flesh, promoted the cult of virginity and condemned woman as the sinful heir to Eve. Yet this was the era that gave birth to the idea of romantic, or 'courtly' love. 　　In Belief, the supernatural comes under the spotlight. The medieval dead shared the world with the living: the cult of the saints, encounters with the dead, and visions of the next world were all seen as proof of a two-way traffic between this world and the next. 　　In the final programme, Power, Professor Bartlett lays bare the brutal framework of the medieval class system. Inequality was a part of the natural order: the life of serfs was little better than those of animals, while the knight's code of chivalry was based more on caste solidarity than morality. The class you were born into determined who you were.

One of the world's greatest authorities on the Middle Ages, Professor Robert Bartlett of St Andrew's University, investigates the intellectual landscape of the medieval world. 　　In the first programme, Knowledge, he explores the way medieval man understood the world - as a place of mystery, even enchantment. The world was a book written by God. But as the Middle Ages grew to a close, it became a place to be mastered, even exploited. 　　In Sex, he unearths remarkable evidence of the complex passions of medieval men and women. The Church preached hatred of the flesh, promoted the cult of virginity and condemned woman as the sinful heir to Eve. Yet this was the era that gave birth to the idea of romantic, or 'courtly' love. 　　In Belief, the supernatural comes under the spotlight. The medieval dead shared the world with the living: the cult of the saints, encounters with the dead, and visions of the next world were all seen as proof of a two-way traffic between this world and the next. 　　In the final programme, Power, Professor Bartlett lays bare the brutal framework of the medieval class system. Inequality was a part of the natural order: the life of serfs was little better than those of animals, while the knight's code of chivalry was based more on caste solidarity than morality. The class you were born into determined who you were.

牧师受邪恶势力控制，被迫做出令人讨厌的行为。

牧师受邪恶势力控制，被迫做出令人讨厌的行为。