上海机器织布局俗称“老洋布局”，是近代中国最早的官督商办机器棉纺织企业。早在光绪二年（1876），李鸿章便曾派魏纶先出面筹办织布事宜，但魏无法筹集资金，所以该计划未能实现。光绪四年九月初十日，四川候补道彭汝琮呈请北洋大臣李鸿章、南洋大臣沈葆桢奏准设立上海机器织布局。几经变动，光绪六年（1880），确定由戴恒、龚寿图、郑观应、经元善等人负责筹办，郑观应任总办，开办资金五十万两，全套机器从英、美购置，拥有纱绽三万五千枚，布机五百三十台，雇工多时约四千人。光绪十三年（1887），李鸿章复派龚寿图接办。直到光绪十六年（1890）才建成投产。营业兴旺，纺纱的利润尤高。光绪十九年（1893）夏，李鸿章决定扩充纺纱，向英国增订机器。九月初十日，织布局清花间失火，全厂付之一炬。十月，李鸿章派盛宣怀会同上海海关道聂缉椝负责恢复织布局，招募新股一百万两，在织布局旧址设厂，取名“华盛纺织总厂”。

上海机器织布局俗称“老洋布局”，是近代中国最早的官督商办机器棉纺织企业。早在光绪二年（1876），李鸿章便曾派魏纶先出面筹办织布事宜，但魏无法筹集资金，所以该计划未能实现。光绪四年九月初十日，四川候补道彭汝琮呈请北洋大臣李鸿章、南洋大臣沈葆桢奏准设立上海机器织布局。几经变动，光绪六年（1880），确定由戴恒、龚寿图、郑观应、经元善等人负责筹办，郑观应任总办，开办资金五十万两，全套机器从英、美购置，拥有纱绽三万五千枚，布机五百三十台，雇工多时约四千人。光绪十三年（1887），李鸿章复派龚寿图接办。直到光绪十六年（1890）才建成投产。营业兴旺，纺纱的利润尤高。光绪十九年（1893）夏，李鸿章决定扩充纺纱，向英国增订机器。九月初十日，织布局清花间失火，全厂付之一炬。十月，李鸿章派盛宣怀会同上海海关道聂缉椝负责恢复织布局，招募新股一百万两，在织布局旧址设厂，取名“华盛纺织总厂”。

Martin Luther is born into a world dominated by the Catholic Church. For the keenly spiritual Luther, the Church's promise of salvation is irresistible. Caught in a thunderstorm and terrified by the possibility of imminent death, he vows to become a monk. But after entering the monastery, Luther becomes increasingly doubtful that the Church can actually offer him salvation. His views crystallize further when he travels to Rome and finds the capital of Catholicism swamped in corruption. Wracked by despair, Luther finds release in the pages of the Bible, discovering that it is not the Church, but his own individual faith that will guarantee his salvation. With this revelation, he turns on the Church. He attacks its practice of selling Indulgences in his famous 95 Theses, putting himself on an irreversible path to conflict with the most powerful institution of the day. The Catholic Church uses all of its might to try to silence Luther, including accusations of heresy and excommunication. Protected by his local ruler, Frederick the Wise, Luther continues to write radical critiques of the Church. In the process, he develops a new system of faith that places the freedom of the individual believer above the rituals of the Church. Aided by the newly invented printing press, his ideas spread rapidly. He is called before the German imperial parliament in the city of Worms and told he must recant. Risking torture and execution, Luther refuses, proclaiming his inalienable right to believe what he wishes. His stand becomes a legend that inspires revolution across Europe, overturning the thousand-year old hegemony of the Church. But as the reformation expands into a movement for social freedom, Luther finds himself overwhelmed by the pace of change, and is left vainly protesting that his followers should be concerning themselves with God. 　　- Written by Anonymous

Martin Luther is born into a world dominated by the Catholic Church. For the keenly spiritual Luther, the Church's promise of salvation is irresistible. Caught in a thunderstorm and terrified by the possibility of imminent death, he vows to become a monk. But after entering the monastery, Luther becomes increasingly doubtful that the Church can actually offer him salvation. His views crystallize further when he travels to Rome and finds the capital of Catholicism swamped in corruption. Wracked by despair, Luther finds release in the pages of the Bible, discovering that it is not the Church, but his own individual faith that will guarantee his salvation. With this revelation, he turns on the Church. He attacks its practice of selling Indulgences in his famous 95 Theses, putting himself on an irreversible path to conflict with the most powerful institution of the day. The Catholic Church uses all of its might to try to silence Luther, including accusations of heresy and excommunication. Protected by his local ruler, Frederick the Wise, Luther continues to write radical critiques of the Church. In the process, he develops a new system of faith that places the freedom of the individual believer above the rituals of the Church. Aided by the newly invented printing press, his ideas spread rapidly. He is called before the German imperial parliament in the city of Worms and told he must recant. Risking torture and execution, Luther refuses, proclaiming his inalienable right to believe what he wishes. His stand becomes a legend that inspires revolution across Europe, overturning the thousand-year old hegemony of the Church. But as the reformation expands into a movement for social freedom, Luther finds himself overwhelmed by the pace of change, and is left vainly protesting that his followers should be concerning themselves with God. 　　- Written by Anonymous

The Bolshevik revolution, the cold war, and the collapse of the Soviet Union defined the history of the twentieth century. With such a past, what does it mean to be Russian today? Robin Hessman's lovingly crafted documentary, My Perestroika, adopts the idea of the “everyman story,” suggesting that the unheralded lives of the last generation of Soviets to grow up behind the iron curtain hold the key to understanding the contradictions of modern Russia from the inside out. 　　Crafted during five years of researching and shooting, and based on almost a decade of living in Russia in the 1990s, Hessman's film poetically interweaves an extraordinary trove of home movies, Soviet propaganda films, and intimate access to five schoolmates whose linked, but very different, histories offer a moving portrait of newly middle-class Russians living lives they could never have imagined when they were growing up.

The Bolshevik revolution, the cold war, and the collapse of the Soviet Union defined the history of the twentieth century. With such a past, what does it mean to be Russian today? Robin Hessman's lovingly crafted documentary, My Perestroika, adopts the idea of the “everyman story,” suggesting that the unheralded lives of the last generation of Soviets to grow up behind the iron curtain hold the key to understanding the contradictions of modern Russia from the inside out. 　　Crafted during five years of researching and shooting, and based on almost a decade of living in Russia in the 1990s, Hessman's film poetically interweaves an extraordinary trove of home movies, Soviet propaganda films, and intimate access to five schoolmates whose linked, but very different, histories offer a moving portrait of newly middle-class Russians living lives they could never have imagined when they were growing up.

在1563年特伦托会议（Council of Trent）的最后一次会议上，梵蒂冈神学家们坚决支持使用神圣图像和圣像，以对抗宗教改革对偶像崇拜的指控，这导致欧洲对美术的投资激增，包括首次囊括了女性艺术家。索福尼斯巴·安圭索拉（Sofonisba Anguissola）是第一位职业女性宫廷画家，她创作了大量描绘欧洲最杰出的贵族和政要的作品。但在她的整个职业生涯中，她一次又一次地回到最让她着迷的主题：她自己。《反宗教改革》是一部非传统的论文式纪录片，它厘清了政治、宗教、历史和自画像的线索，引导电影人审视她个人的当代电影实践。《反宗教改革》是对信仰和动态影像的一次深刻的个人化中介，试图将实验电影置于神学和宗教领域；这是一次尚未得到充分探索但亟待取得成果的和解。

优生学，在美国二十世纪上半叶一度是人人追捧的显学。在冷泉实验室，达文波特借助他的优生学理论和调查报告，游说美国财团和政府，用智商测试，对人口进行分层，不合格的人会被强行实施绝育手术。从二十年代起，美国政府对东欧和犹太移民抬高门槛，背后的逻辑也是出自优生学的遗传理论，唯恐北欧正统的移民基因被“污染”，此举在三十年代导致大批欧洲犹太人走投无路，死于纳粹集中营。这套基于种族净化理念的优生学，也被德国纳粹继承，并发扬光大。不过，大萧条造成的全面失业破除了优生神话，好莱坞影片《明日的孩子》、以及强行绝育的黑暗内幕的曝光，加上二战末期纳粹灭绝营的恐怖图景的传播，使得美国的优生学在四十年代后逐渐式微，但各州的强行绝育法律直到六七十年代，才被废止。

在1563年特伦托会议（Council of Trent）的最后一次会议上，梵蒂冈神学家们坚决支持使用神圣图像和圣像，以对抗宗教改革对偶像崇拜的指控，这导致欧洲对美术的投资激增，包括首次囊括了女性艺术家。索福尼斯巴·安圭索拉（Sofonisba Anguissola）是第一位职业女性宫廷画家，她创作了大量描绘欧洲最杰出的贵族和政要的作品。但在她的整个职业生涯中，她一次又一次地回到最让她着迷的主题：她自己。《反宗教改革》是一部非传统的论文式纪录片，它厘清了政治、宗教、历史和自画像的线索，引导电影人审视她个人的当代电影实践。《反宗教改革》是对信仰和动态影像的一次深刻的个人化中介，试图将实验电影置于神学和宗教领域；这是一次尚未得到充分探索但亟待取得成果的和解。

优生学，在美国二十世纪上半叶一度是人人追捧的显学。在冷泉实验室，达文波特借助他的优生学理论和调查报告，游说美国财团和政府，用智商测试，对人口进行分层，不合格的人会被强行实施绝育手术。从二十年代起，美国政府对东欧和犹太移民抬高门槛，背后的逻辑也是出自优生学的遗传理论，唯恐北欧正统的移民基因被“污染”，此举在三十年代导致大批欧洲犹太人走投无路，死于纳粹集中营。这套基于种族净化理念的优生学，也被德国纳粹继承，并发扬光大。不过，大萧条造成的全面失业破除了优生神话，好莱坞影片《明日的孩子》、以及强行绝育的黑暗内幕的曝光，加上二战末期纳粹灭绝营的恐怖图景的传播，使得美国的优生学在四十年代后逐渐式微，但各州的强行绝育法律直到六七十年代，才被废止。